The full details of this condition's pathology are currently unknown, however it is thought that some kind of interaction between the placenta and the mother's blood vessel system is at the root of it all.  Many of the mother's vital systems can be effected by this condition, including the liver, lungs and brain, as well as the cardiovascular system, if left untreated and allowed to develop into eclampsia.

Preeclampsia often develops during the second half of a pregnancy or up to 6 weeks after the birth, however the timing of the onset and its development is very unpredictable.  It is expressed by high blood pressure combined with elevated protein levels within the urine.  Excessive and persistent swelling in the limbs, neck and face is often associated with the condition but is not required for a diagnosis.

The risks are higher for both mother and baby the more severe the condition and the earlier in pregnancy that it occurs.  The only cure for preeclampsia is delivery of the baby.  It is for this reason that the risks are higher for the baby the earlier on in the pregnancy that it occurs.  If it is deemed too early to deliver the baby, then a period of bed rest in a hospital under close supervision may be an option that the doctors will consider, to allow the baby to develop further before birth (so long as the mother's long-term health is not in jeopardy).  In all cases, the baby will be closely monitored for any signs of stress.

Severe preeclampsia can develop into a condition called HELLP syndrome which is a very high risk problem.  HELLP in an acronym for Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet count. (Hemolysisis is when red blood cells break down)

Diagnosis can be difficult in the early stages except for blood/urine testing and blood pressure checks.  These are done during the regular visits to the doctor.  If any signs of sudden or excessive swelling appears between appointments, or excessive weight gain is noted, or the face becomes puffy around the neck or eyes, or severe headaches start, or blurred vision is noted, or dizziness,  then your medical practitioner should be contacted for a quick check-up.

SPECIAL NOTICE:  If you have experienced problems with preeclampsia, you may be interested to know that the PREECLAMPSIA FOUNDATION is running a survey to assist in the research of this subject: http://www.preeclampsia.org/Survey.aspx

See also:  Coming To Term - A Father's story of Birth, Loss, and Survival